A patient is highly motivated and has a positive attitude toward recovery. Which ICF component is this?

• A. Environmental factor
• B. Body function
• C. Participation restriction
• D. Personal factor

Answer: (D)

Motivation and a positive attitude toward recovery are internal characteristics that shape how a person engages with rehabilitation, which fits the personal factors category. Personal factors are the intrinsic attributes of the individual, such as coping style, beliefs, attitudes, motivation, and other life experiences, that can facilitate or hinder functioning and participation. This is distinct from body functions, which are physiological processes; environmental factors, which are external influences like supports or barriers in the environment; and participation restrictions, which describe actual limitations in involvement in life situations. So, the best answer is personal factor because it captures the internal, motivational quality driving engagement in recovery.