A patient cannot dress independently after a stroke. Which ICF component does this represent?

• A. Activity limitation — dressing is an activity (task execution)
• B. Participation
• C. Body Structure
• D. Body Function

Answer: (A)

This scenario focuses on how the ICF distinguishes performing a task from engaging in life roles. Dressing independently is a specific task in daily activities. An inability to perform that task points to an activity limitation—the person has difficulty executing a task they want or need to do.

Body Structure refers to the anatomy itself (bones, organs) and Body Function to physiological processes (strength, range of motion, sensation). The description doesn’t specify an anatomical or physiological deficit; it describes the ability to complete a task, so it fits the activity domain rather than body structure or body function.

Participation involves involvement in life situations, such as work, school, or social activities. While failing to dress independently can affect participation, the statement itself centers on the task performance, which is why activity limitation is the best fit. In practice, therapy would address improving dressing independence through task-specific training, adaptive devices, or environmental modifications, all targeting the activity level.